表头固定内容可滚动表格的3种实现方法

有时候，我们在开发前端页面过程中，可能会用到这种表格：表头固定不动，表格内容（<tbody>）需要竖直滚动。

像这样的：

还有这样的：

通过研究，我大致总结了以下三种实现办法供大家参考，如果有错误之处敬请指正，也欢迎拍砖！！

一、表格总宽度自动，每列宽度设置统一用<colgroup>设置

这种实现方法最简单，只需要用两个表格，一个表格作为表头，另一个表格用<div>包裹并设置该<div>的高度固定，高度溢出可滚动即可。两个表格的列宽用相同的<colgroup>固定列宽值，需要注意的是滚动条会占用一定的宽度，一般是：17px，所以在表头需要特别处理一下，不然表格就不能对齐了。大家看代码，最简单的办法是表头单独空一列和下面的表格滚动条对齐。

<div class='tableWrap' style='margin:20px;'>
    <label>可滚动表格——表格宽度自动每列宽度设置<col></label>
    <table class='table-thead'>
        <colgroup>
            <col width='50'>
            <col width='100'>
            <col width='150'>
            <col width='17'>
        </colgroup>
        <thead>
        <tr>
            <th>序号</th>
            <th>账户名称</th>
            <th>账户编号</th>
            <th></th>
        </tr>
        </thead>
    </table>
    <div class='comTbody'>
        <table class='table-tbody' style='border-top: 0;'>
            <colgroup>
                <col width='50'>
                <col width='100'>
                <col width='150'>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>中国电信</td>
                <td>12312312313132</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>中国电信</td>
                <td>12312312313132</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>中国电信</td>
                <td>12312312313132</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>中国电信</td>
                <td>12312312313132</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>1</td>
                <td>中国电信</td>
                <td>12312312313132</td>
            </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</div>

第一种方法是我自己为了快速实现采用的办法，过后我想起来经常看到的数据表格（dataGrid），也是表头固定，内容可以滚动，比如嘴上那两张图片分别是：kendo UI——grid、easyUI——dataGrid 。这样的表格看起来挺漂亮的，我研究了一下，发现它们两种有各自的实现方式。这两种表格在实际运用中因为绑定了很多JS事件，所以表格嵌套的层级很多，下面我为了更清晰的展示给大家，简化了嵌套。

二、表格宽度100%，列宽度统一用<colgroup>设置

<label>可滚动表格——表格宽度100%，列宽度设置<col></label>
<div class='table-wrap'>
    <div class='table-head'>
        <div class='table-head-wrap'>
            <table class='grid'>
                <colgroup>
                    <col style='width:80px'>
                    <col>
                    <col>
                    <col style='width:150px'>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                <tr>
                    <th>
                        <span class='tab-link'>序号</span>
                    </th>
                    <th>
                        <span class='tab-link'>姓名</span>
                    </th>
                    <th>
                        <span class='tab-link'>年龄</span>
                    </th>
                    <th>
                        <span class='tab-link'>地址</span>
                    </th>
                </tr>
                </thead>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class='table-content'>
        <table class='grid'>
            <colgroup>
                <col style='width:80px'>
                <col>
                <col>
                <col style='width:150px'>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <div>001</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>小明</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>23</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>上海</div>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <div>001</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>小明</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>23</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>上海</div>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <div>001</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>小明</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>23</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>上海</div>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <div>001</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>小明</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>23</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>上海</div>
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>
                    <div>001</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>小明</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>23</div>
                </td>
                <td>
                    <div>上海</div>
                </td>
            </tr>
            </tbody>
        </table>
    </div>
</div>

这里表格添加了一个样式：table-layout: fixed; 列宽由表格宽度和列宽度设定。这种方法适用于，表格宽度固定。

三、表格宽度自动，列宽度精确固定设置

<div class='data-grid'>
    <div class='data-view'>
        <div class='grid-head'>
            <div class='grid-head-inner'>
                <table class='data-table'>
                    <tbody>
                    <tr class='data-table-row'>
                        <td>
                            <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                                <div>Item ID</div>
                            </div>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                                <div>Product</div>
                            </div>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                                <div>List Price</div>
                            </div>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                                <div>Unit Cost</div>
                            </div>
                        </td>
                        <td>
                            <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                                <div>Attribute</div>
                            </div>
                        </td>
                    </tr>
                    </tbody>
                </table>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class='grid-body'>
            <table class='datagrid-btable'>
                <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c1'>
                            <span>EST-1</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c2'>
                            <span>FI-SW-01</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c3'>
                            <span>36.5</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c4'>
                            <span>10</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                    <td>
                        <div class='datagrid-cell cell-c5'>
                            <span>Large</span>
                        </div>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                </tbody>
            </table>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

这种方法适用于每列宽度固定的表格。

这里是我写的源码：http://www.it165.net/uploadfile/files/2015/1214/test.zip